ONLINE ERNS

Activity 13.A - A FOOD CHAIN

2011-10-03T00:40:00.000-07:00

OBJECTIVES:
1. Draw a food chain.
2. Identify producers and consumers in food chain.

MATERIALS:
Pen or pencil
Bond paper
Coloring materials

PROCEDURE:
1. Draw a food chain involving the following: insect, fish, any aquatic plant, frog and a man.
2. Label the food chain properly identifying the producers and consumers.

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. In what ecosystem would you find the organisms in your food chain?
2. Could the fish be a part of another food chain? Why?
3. Could there be many food chains in the community? Explain and give example.
4. Describe a food chain.

Making My Yahoo and Google Account

2011-08-24T18:33:00.000-07:00

Procedures:

For Yahoo account:
1. Go to www.yahoo.com.
2. Click Sign-Up icon.
3. Fill in the online application form completely.
4.Click submit.

For Google Account:
1. Go to www.google.com.
2.Click the sign-up icon.
3. Fill in the online application form completely.
4. Click submit.

Flowers and Pollination

2011-08-24T18:16:00.000-07:00

For II-Mars, II-Uranus & II-Pluto

Name/s:________________________________

Activity 6: Flowers and Pollination

1. Identify the different parts of a flower.
2. Give the function of each part.
3. Answer the guide questions below.

Guide questions:
a. What is pollination? Differentiate the two types of pollination.
b. How pollen from one plant moved to another plant?
c. How do human being benefit from plant pollination?

2011-06-15T23:24:00.000-07:00

Cell Structure

I - Zinnia ( WEB ACTIVITY II

2011-03-07T19:29:00.000-08:00

Procedures:

1. Research about the different interactions in ecosystem.
2. Make a journal about interactions in ecosystem
3. Submit your answer in the given yahoo account through email@ ernieaguan@ymail.com.

Deadline of Submission: On or before March 18, 2011

Web Activity: Globo Ecology

2011-02-24T18:29:00.000-08:00

Procedures:
1. Watch the video on Globo Ecology in II - Mars Activity found n the left side of this page.
2. Write your reactions & suggestions on how to save our dying planet by answering the given questions presented in the video. (minimum of 100 words)

Web Activity: NATURAL ECOSYSTEM OF THE WORLD

2011-02-08T19:44:00.000-08:00

Procedures:
1. Look for the Ecosystem Videos at the top right portion of this blog.
2. Click the first video. Listen & understand the movie clip.
3. Discuss what you have learned from the video. Write your discussions with a minimum of 100 words in the "post a comment" portion of this post.

ACTIVITY SHEET - The Circulatory System

2010-03-17T18:40:00.001-07:00

Names:

_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________

The Circulatory System is made up of the 1.)_________________ , blood, and blood vessels. . Blood vessels are elastic, tube-like veins, 2.)_______________ and capillaries.
The circulatory system has the job of moving 3.)______________ through the entire body. Blood is made up of 4.) ____________________ , white cells, red cells, and 5.)________________ . White cells fight 6.)________________, red cells carry 7.)________________, and 8.)__________________ cause the blood to clot.

Your heart is the size of a 9.)________________ . Arteries branch out into smaller and smaller blood vessels. The smallest are called 10.)__________________. In the capillaries, the blood releases oxygen and nutrients to the cells which turn them into energy. The “used” blood brings waste products back to the 11.)______________ side of the heart. Then it is sent to your lungs for fresh
12)._______________ and flows to the left side to start all over again. Red blood carries 13.) _________________. The largest artery in the body is called the 14.)____________________. The largest vein is the 15.) _____________________ .

Related Articles about the Parts and Function of the Human Circulatory System

2010-03-14T18:02:00.001-07:00

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND ITS FUNCTION

The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels known as arteries, capillaries and veins. The heart pumps blood throughout your body through the blood vessels. Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and carries away carbon dioxide and other waste materials.

Heart and Circulation

Did you ever send a valentine with the shape of a heart on it? Did you ever hear someone say, “That came straight from my heart?” People talk about hearts a lot. People have always known that hearts are very important.

You have a heart. Your heart does not look like a valentine heart. Your heart is a pump. When you run very fast, your heart pumps hard and fast. You can feel your heart pumping, or beating.

WHAT DOES A HEART LOOK LIKE?

Your heart looks like an upside-down pear. It is about the size of your closed fist. It is almost in the middle of your chest. It is just off to the left side.

Your heart is made of muscle. It is divided into four parts called chambers. The chambers are hollow inside. The two chambers on top are called atria. The chambers on the bottom are called ventricles. Your heart also has four valves that let blood in and out of the chambers.

Tubes called arteries come out of your heart. Tubes called veins go into your heart. Arteries and veins are also called blood vessels.

THE HEART PUMPS BLOOD

Your heart pumps blood. Blood comes into the atria or top chambers of your heart. Your ventricles, or bottom chambers, pump blood out to every part of your body.

Blood going out of your heart carries food and oxygen. Every part of your body needs food and oxygen for energy. You need energy for your body to work and for you to stay alive. Your heart pumps blood carrying food and oxygen through your arteries. Big arteries carry the blood to your legs and arms. The arteries get smaller and smaller the farther out they go. Little blood vessels called capillaries take blood to your cells. Everything in your body is made of tiny cells.

Your cells give off waste products when they make energy from food and oxygen. One of these waste products is a gas called carbon dioxide. The blood in your capillaries picks up the waste products. Capillaries connect to bigger veins. The pumping of your heart pushes the blood through your veins.

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BLOOD IN VEINS?

Your veins carry blood back to your heart. The chambers on the right side of your heart take care of blood coming back through your veins. First, the blood comes into your right atrium, the top chamber. Your right atrium pumps the blood into your right ventricle, the bottom chamber. Your right ventricle pumps the blood through an artery into your lungs.

WHAT HAPPENS TO BLOOD IN THE LUNGS?

Your blood has to get rid of carbon dioxide. It has to get a fresh supply of oxygen. Your lungs take care of both jobs. Carbon dioxide from your blood goes into your lungs. Your lungs get rid of the carbon dioxide when you breathe out.

Then you breathe in. Your lungs get oxygen from breathing in air. Your lungs fill up with oxygen. Your blood picks up a new supply of oxygen from your lungs. Now your blood is ready to go out through your arteries to all the parts of your body.

The chambers on the left side of your heart take care of blood going out through your arteries. Special veins send blood from your lungs to your left atrium, or top chamber. The blood goes from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps the blood out through your arteries to every part of your body.

HOW DOES THE HEART PUMP?

Make a fist. Open your fist slightly, and then squeeze it closed. Open and close your fist again and again. This is sort of how your heart pumps blood. The muscles in your heart squeeze the chambers.

To open and close your fist, you have to think about doing it. You don’t have to think about squeezing your heart muscles. Your brain tells your heart to pump over and over again. Your heart pumps when you are awake. Your heart pumps when you are asleep. Your heart pumps faster when you run fast. Your body needs more oxygen when you run.

Your heart is better than any pump made. It beats over and over again, day and night. The heart of a 76-year-old person has beaten nearly 2.8 billion times. It has pumped about 179 million quarts (169 million liters) of blood. No one can live if their heart stops beating for more than a few minutes.

ARTERY/ ARTERIES

Artery, one of the tubular vessels that conveys blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. Two arteries have direct connection with the heart: (1) the aorta, which, with its branches, conveys oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to every part of the body; and (2) the pulmonary artery, which conveys blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, whence it is returned bearing oxygen to the left side of the heart (see Heart: Structure and Function). Arteries in their ultimate minute branchings are connected with the veins by capillaries. They are named usually from the part of the body where they are found, as the brachial (arm) or the metacarpal (wrist) artery; or from the organ which they supply, as the hepatic (liver) or the ovarian artery. The facial artery is the branch of the external carotid artery that passes up over the lower jaw and supplies the superficial portion of the face; the hemorrhoidal arteries are three vessels that supply the lower end of the rectum; the intercostal arteries are the arteries that supply the space between the ribs; the lingual artery is the branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the tongue. The arteries expand and then constrict with each beat of the heart, a rhythmic movement that may be felt as the pulse.

Veins

Veins are blood vessels that return blood to the heart from other parts of the body. This false-color electron micrograph shows red blood cells packed into a capillary, the smallest type of blood vessel. Blood flows from the capillaries into veins after oxygen has been exchanged.

CAPILLARY

Capillary, one of the minute blood vessels that form the connection between the arteries and the veins. These tiny vessels vary in diameter from 0.0127 to about 0.2032 mm (0.0005 to about 0.008 in) and are present in great numbers throughout the entire body. The walls of capillaries are exceedingly thin and readily permeable. They are surrounded by lymph, and there is a constant interchange between the substances in the blood within the capillaries and the waste products in the body tissues and lymph outside. This interchange facilitates the processes of nutrition and elimination and enables the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to take place. Lymph capillaries assist the blood capillaries in this process.

New Corella National High School Teaching Force

2009-10-18T01:49:00.000-07:00

2009-09-19T19:02:00.000-07:00

Human Being as an Organized System-Health Issue

2009-09-19T18:46:00.000-07:00

HUMAN MICROBIOME PROJECT

NIH Launches Human Microbiome ProjectNIH Roadmap Effort to Use Genomic Technologies To Explore Role of Microbes in Human Health and Disease
The human body contains trillions of microorganisms, living together with human cells, usually in harmony. Because of their small size, however, microorganisms make up only about one to two percent of the body’s mass. Many microbes maintain our health, while others cause illness. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the role this astounding assortment of bacteria, fungi and other microbes play in human health and disease. To better understand these interactions, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) today announced the official launch of the Human Microbiome Project. The human microbiome is the collective genomes of all microorganisms present in or on the human body.

"The human microbiome is largely unexplored," said NIH Director Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D. "It is essential that we understand how microorganisms interact with the human body to affect health and disease. This project has the potential to transform the ways we understand human health and prevent, diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions."
Part of the NIH’s Roadmap for Medical Research, the Human Microbiome Project will award a total of $115 million to researchers over the next five years. Initially, researchers will sequence 600 microbial genomes, completing a collection that will total some 1,000 microbial genomes and providing a resource for investigators interested in exploring the human microbiome. Other microbial genomes are being contributed to the collection by individual NIH institutes and internationally funded projects. A meeting between international partners was recently convened to discuss forming an international consortium.
Researchers will then use new, comprehensive laboratory technologies to characterize the microbial communities present in samples taken from healthy human volunteers, even for microbes that cannot be grown in the laboratory. The samples will be collected from five body regions known to be inhabited by microbial communities: the digestive tract, the mouth, the skin, the nose, and the female urogenital tract. Demonstration projects will subsequently be funded to sample the microbiomes from volunteers with specific diseases. This will allow researchers to correlate the relationship between changes in a microbiome present at a particular body site to a specific illness.
"We now understand that there are more microbial cells than human cells in the human body. The Human Microbiome Project offers an opportunity to transform our understanding of the relationships between microbes and humans in health and disease," said Dr. Alan Krensky, the director of the Office of Portfolio Analysis and Strategic Initiatives (OPASI), which oversees the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research.
While the term "microbiome" may be relatively new in biomedical research, most people are familiar with some of the effects — both good and bad — that microbes can have on our health. Consider the example of the biggest reservoir of microbes in humans: the digestive tract. The human gut harbors many beneficial microorganisms, including certain bacteria called probiotics. There is evidence these probiotics, found in dietary supplements, yogurt and other dairy products as well as various soy products, can stimulate the immune system and improve digestive functions. In contrast, previous research suggests that variations in the composition of microbial communities may contribute to chronic health conditions, including diabetes, asthma, obesity and digestive disorders.
"Microbes play a significant role in the health of the digestive tract and many digestive diseases result when the microbial environment is out of balance," said Griffin P. Rodgers, M.D., M.A.C.P., director of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and co-chair of the Human Microbiome Project’s Implementation Group. "The Human Microbiome Project will help us better understand the microbial environment in the gut, as well as provide us with the tools and technology to expand our exploration into this field of research."
Traditionally, microbiology has focused on the study of individual species as isolated units, making it difficult to develop and inventory all of the microbes in and on the human body. Because their growth is dependent upon a specific natural environment, it’s difficult to recreate microbe-host interactions in the laboratory. Advances in next generation DNA sequencing technologies relying on a process called metagenomic sequencing will be used. Instead of isolating each microbe, all of the DNA within the collected samples will be sequenced.
"Our goal is to discover what microbial communities exist in different parts of the human body and to explore how these communities change in the presence of health or disease," said National Human Genome Research Institute Director, Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., co-chair of the Human Microbiome Project Implementation Group. "In addition, we will likely identify novel genes and functional elements in microbial genomes that will reshape the way we think about and approach human biology."
NIH recently awarded $8.2 million to four sequencing centers, to start building a framework and data resources for the Human Microbiome Project. One-year awards were given to the sequencing centers at the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, which are part of the NHGRI Large-Scale Sequencing Research Network; and the Broad Institute of MIT/ Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., and the J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Md., which are funded through the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Microbial Genome Sequencing Centers Program.
The objectives of this initial work are to sequence the genomes of 200 microbes that have been isolated from the human body as part of the 1,000 microbial genomes collection. Researchers will also begin recruiting healthy volunteers who will donate samples from the five body regions. NHGRI, NIAID, and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) have led the initial phases of the project.
"The recent emergence of faster and cost-effective sequencing technologies promises to provide an unprecedented amount of information about these microbial communities, which in turn will bolster the development and refinement of analytical tools and strategies," said NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., co-chair of the Human Microbiome Project’s Implementation Group.
Following the precedents set by other large-scale genomics efforts, such as the Human Genome Project and the International HapMap Project, data from the Human Microbiome Project will be swiftly deposited in public databases, including those supported by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/), part of the National Library of Medicine. The project also will fund the establishment of a Data Analysis and Coordinating Center, which will coordinate data access and develop data retrieval tools for the research community.
Also following on the lead of those efforts, the Human Microbiome Project will monitor and support research on the ethical, legal and social implications of the research. Areas of focus include the clinical and health implications of using probiotics, potential forensic uses of microbiome profiles, bioterrorism and biodefense applications, the application of new technologies from the project, and patenting and privacy issues.
"Examining and addressing the emerging ethical, legal and social implications of metagenomics research is central to our goal of one day moving any resulting diagnostic, prevention, or treatment tools into the clinic in a safe and effective manner," said NIDCR Director Lawrence Tabak, D.D.S., Ph.D., co-chair for the NIH Human Microbiome Project Implementation Group.
Additional information about the Human Microbiome Project is available at http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/hmp/. For more information about funding opportunities, go to: http://www.nihroadmap.nih.gov/hmp/grants.asp. A high resolution image of the bacteria, Entercoccus faecalis, a microbe that lives in the human gut, is available in color at http://www.genome.gov/pressDisplay.cfm?photoID=20023, or in black and white at http://www.genome.gov/pressDisplay.cfm?photoID=20024.
The Human Microbiome Project is part of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. The Roadmap is a series of initiatives designed to pursue major opportunities and gaps in biomedical research that no single NIH institute could tackle alone, but which the agency as a whole can address to make the biggest impact possible on the progress of medical research. Additional information about the NIH Roadmap can be found at http://www.nihroadmap.nih.gov/.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) — The Nation's Medical Research Agency — includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is the primary federal agency for conducting and supporting basic, clinical and translational medical research, and it investigates the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit http://www.nih.gov/

As a second year student, What is your stand in this issue?

Thank You...

ERNIE MANZON AGUAN, BSED-Gen. Sci.,MAED-A&S, W/ Ed.D. units
Secondary School Teacher - Physical & Biological Sciences
New Corella National High School
New Corella, DAvao del Norte, Phils.

email me @ : aguanernie@yahoo.com or ernieaguan@ymail.com
Contact No. : 09207809071
Address : Blk. 4, Lot 28, Villa Magsanoc Subd., Tagum City, 8100

Issues on Global Warming...

2009-09-17T02:04:00.000-07:00

What proportion of global warming is attributable to humans?

I consider myself an environmentalist. I am concerned about the amount of pollution we generate, the animals we push to extinction, and the resources we exhaust. However, I don't believe that we are the driving force behind global warming. It concerns me that whenever we hear about the effects of global warming, it is always mixed with the message that we are irrevocably destroying the earth.

It can hardly be disputed that the earth is warming and the percent of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere is increasing. I would like to know, what evidence is there that humans are contributing to this significantly?
The earth's temperature rises and falls cyclically, and it has been on the increase since before the industrial revolution. We currently are not near the highest temperature that we know the earth to have reached. The polar ice caps have melted several times before. So, what percentage of the current warming trend are due to humanity and what percentage is natural?

Thanks,
ERNIE M. AGUAN, BSED-GenSci, MAED A&S, w/ Ed.D Units

What do you think?